The surface salinity is influenced by precipitation, evaporation, sea ice melting, and inflow from rivers.
The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s saltiest ocean, with the salinity level ranging from 3.3% to 3.7%. The Coriolis Effect causes the South Atlantic water to circulate in an anticlockwise motion and North Atlantic water to circulate in a clockwise direction. Sea ice often covers the ocean’s surface between October and June in Denmark Strait, Labrador Sea, and Baltic Sea. The highest temperatures are recorded north of the equator, while Polar Regions record minimum values. It ranges from 28 degrees Fahrenheit to over 86 degrees Fahrenheit. The ocean’s surface water temperature is influenced by factors, such as seasons, the current system, and latitude. Cool or warm winds influence the climate of the surrounding areas when they blow over these currents. The ocean currents play an important role in determining the climate by transporting cold or warm water to other regions. The coldest regions are mainly areas covered by ice. The warmer zones prevail on the north of the equator, while the coldest zones are on higher latitudes.
Latitudes determine the Ocean’s climatic zones. Other seas of the Atlantic Ocean are the Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Mexico, Norwegian Sea, Hudson Bay, Greenland Sea, and the Argentinian Sea. Sargasso and the Caribbean Sea are the world’s 5th and 10th largest seas. The Caribbean Sea, bordered by Central America, Mexico, and the Greater Antilles, is the second-largest sea, spanning about 1.1 million square miles. It is the only Atlantic sea with no land boundary. The Ocean’s largest sea is the Sargasso Sea at 1.35 million square miles. The Ocean has numerous seas on its margins, of which 42 seas cover at least 3,200 square miles. The Atlantic Ocean’s coast is characterized by features, such as bays, seas, and gulfs. It is connected in the southwest to the Pacific Ocean, southeast to the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean in the north, and south to the Southern Sea. Its volume is about 74.5 million cubic miles, while the shore length is 69,510 miles. It is 27,480 feet deep at the deepest point (Puerto Rico Trench) but has an average depth of 11,962 feet below the water surface. The North Atlantic Ocean spans 16.02 million square miles, while the South Atlantic Ocean covers about 15.55 million square miles. The Atlantic Ocean covers about 41.1 million square miles or 20% of the Earth's total area.
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